Tool for externally truing and honing cylindrical workpieces



. Oct. 13, 1959 DUDGEQN 2,908,119

TOOL FOR EXTERNALLY TRUING AND HONING CYLINDRICAL WORKPIECES Filed Aug.15, 1958 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 69 Frank M. Dudgeon INVENTOR.

BY grim United States Patent Office 2,908,119 Patented Oct. 13, 1959TOOL FOR EXTERNALLY TRUING HONING CYLINDRICAL WORK EC'ES Frank M. Dudgn. B ttsbura, Ka s- Application A gust. 15, 1 .8,. r a N 7 ,346

12 Claims. (Cl. 51724.1)

This invention relates to certain .new and useful improvements in asimple, practical. and expedient tool hav, ing mechanical expedientsembodied therein which, when properly adjusted: and used, serve .toabrade and finish the external. surfaces of a cylindrical workpiece totrue roundness.

Stated along similar lines, but resorting to a slightly diiferent lineof approach, the present concept has to do with an external honing toolfor precision-finishing to true roundness and cross-sectional dimensionthe outside diameter of cylindrical stock such as may be constructed ofabradable material, for example, metal, glass, ceramics, commercialplastics and so on.

As the. preceding general introduction implies, finishing of cylindricalworkpieces by special portable manual.- ly usable honing tools is awellrknown art. The fact is, many and varied styles and forms of toolsand instrumentalities (generally known as. external hones, outsidediameter 'hones, laps, finishing tools and so on) have been devised .andsuccessfully used, depending :on the. users point of view, for honingneeds. Prior art tools have certain :features. and advantages anddisadvantages too.

However, 'the common objective cis,- generally speaking, to generate ageometrically true cylinder with a smooth exterior. surface. However,and to persons skilled in the art to which the invention relates, it isgenerally :wellknown that different materials, aswell asdilferent gradesvofmaterials, actually require .dilferent geometrical spacing of thecircumferentially spaced honing elements in relation to. the peripheralsurface of the workpiece if optimum honing results are toube attained.For example, it has been ascertained by youriapplicantithat very narrowabrasive stones, alternatively honing elements, remove stock from theworkpiece. surface much faster. and do not glaze or become loaded withcuttings from the workpiece as do honing elementsthat utilize or relyupon broad or wide contact with the'sur-faces which are to be honed.

Keeping in mindtthe above given picture, it is an bgiectrin theinstantmatter to provide members of the publicwith a structurallydistinct and reliable honing tool with which a user thereof can, in asingle operation, generate a geometrically true cylindrical externalsurface of requisite superlative finish on a shaft, either cylindricalor tubular, or an equivalent workpiece having a cylindricalcross-section.

A further object of the invention is to provide a tool ofthe type andcharacter under consideration which is ch r t ze by a r adi y and rap dli perah e t ed-1 p wh h functions o enable the pener to Qui k r mov mucho the r ughnes om th workpie es surface a d whi h mak s sui a e: pro isior neadiu ms t ne by way of wh ch the oper to ma sa sfa t r l ca outis am when the basins ia is nea y c mp ed.

11 is equa y mportant t strssa 'an objec ive t e t c that the concepthas to do with a honing tool which, th ughi is suit s mp e mechani al sna nsyis qui y ,adiusta l to a ommod .aaainliai numbe o wo ks 2.piecesof-varying diameters ranging from A0 inch. to 2%. inches indiameter.

It is a still further object; of theinvention .to. provide a toolwherein a feed-up device or means, which. is em: bodied therein,ischaracterized by a rotatable turret-like anvil or shoe, the-latterprovided with, a plurality ofv open: ended channels or grooves, eachgroove being of av ferent cross-section or size, and each servingas afeedsup shoe for. a range of diameters of workpieces,-that-xisworkpieces which may be classed: as. extending overa wide range ofsizes.

Another object of invention is to provide a tool oi above described.character constructed withv a novel are rangement of honing elementswhereby a. single set of such elements may be arranged in any requiredmanner to accommodate workpieces. of any diameter within the range, ofthe tool and also provide the correct geometrical spacing ofhoningelements, around perimeter of work;- piece for compatability toits individual character and ops timum honing efliciency.

Novelty is also predicated on atoolor device. which is such inconstruction that it makes practical the use of inexpensive honingelements, that is, more or lessstanda ard abrasive sticks which aresquare in cross section and whi h are commonly stocked and are availableas easily procurable items here, there and everywhere.

Statedsomewhat more specifically, in carrying out the co cep I provide atoolwhich adapts itself to the appropriation and; use thereonaofstandard stock abrasive sticks, thecorners of which may be arranged tobe brought into working contact with the-peripheral surface of theworkpiece and, as the corners are wornaway, the. stiek; or element maybe turned one-quarterof a to bring a new honing surface .Or corner'into.contact .with

the WQrkpieco, such turning stages. of the honing ele! rnents or sticksb ing repe ted until all four corners have been used, thusgiving fourtimes the service life of" such honin e ments- Then too, I contemplatethe provision of a tool which may be'used to honestationary workpiecesheld in :a vise "by oscillating the'too'l back and forth .or rotating itaround the workpiece lav-hand or, which makes. posto designate likeparts: throughout the views:

Fig. 1 is a, perspective view of atool for externallyturningand-honingwoylindrical workpieces constructed in accordance withthe principles of the invention and showing the manner in which it maybe used.

Fig. 2 isa view in section and-elevation with the workpiece appearing inphantom lines and which may be said to be taken approximately on theplane of the 1ine=;2..2 of Fig. 1,-looking in the direction ofthearrows.

Fig. 3 is a top plan View of the tool with the workpiece removed.

Figs. 4., 5 and 6 are fragmentary'views in sectionand elevation taken-onthe vertical lines 5-5. and 6.6, respectively of Fig. 2.

Figs. 7 and 8 are perspective views of the turret-type rotatable bronzeor equivalent workpiecetabutment or anvil and'a standard type abrasivestick respectively.

Referring now to the-drawing and particularly to Figs. 1 and 2, the toolis characterized, speaking :iriterms of generalities, by a frame 10characterized :by anarm :12 f the eneral s haped a se tion seen in Fig.6. More spe i cally th arm Pro id d at t .1 r.a1 portion with anelongated slot 14, in its top with a keying groove 16 which is open atthe right hand end in Fig. 2 and provided at the bottom with a similarkeying groove 18. The groove 16 serves to accommodate a keying rib 20formed on the bottom of a block-like carrier or first jaw 22. There is avertical screw-threaded socket 24 (Fig. 2) in the bottom to accommodatethe screw-threaded shank 26 of an assembling and retaining bolt, thehead on the lower end of which is denoted at 28. This head serves toaccommodate a suitable turning handle 30. A block-like collar or washeris interposed between the bolt head and the arm as at 32 and has aportion 34 extending up into and slidably keyed in the keying groove 18.This construction makes it possible to bodily shift the jaw or carrier22 back and forth on the grooved arm 12 in an obvious manner. Thevertical work confronting surface of the block or jaw has an open-endedcut-out forming a recess or pocket 36. It is in this pocket that theinsertable and removable and adjustableand interchangeable abradant orabrasive elements are pocketed and used. Take for example the showingseen in the drawing there is an upper standard abrasive stick 38 and alower one 40 which is opposed in spaced parallelism thereto permittingthe edge or corner portions 41 and 42, respectively, to be used againstthe peripheral surface of the stock or workpiece A. To accomplish thisabrasive sticks are held in position by selectively usable shims,

that is, shims 43 between the bottom of the recess and the bottom stick,additional shims between the two sticks themselves, and a follower plate45 which is located in the upper portion of the recess and interposedbetween the top of the recess and the top side of the upper stick 38.

This follower is provided with an assembling and guide pin 46 which isfitted up into a socket provided therefor in the top portion 47 of theblock. This top portion is also provided with screw-threaded holes toaccommodate setscrews 48 which assist in levelling and holding thefollower or pad in position. The right hand end portion of the arm isbifurcated and the furcations are denoted at 50 and they straddle anarrowed web or shank portion 52 at the median part of the pivotallymounted second jaw 53. Thus the jaw 22 is the first jaw and the jaw 53is the second jaw. The shank is hingedly or .pivotally mounted on asuitable pivot pin 54 mounted in the furcations as shown in Fig. 1.

V The lower part 56 of .the jaw depends in proximity to a downwardlyoffset portion 57 of the over-all frame. This portion 57 has anupstanding terminal end portion 58 which terminates on a plane justabout even with the lower or bottom sides of the furcations 50. Thisterminal portion is suitably provided with a screw-threaded hole 60 toaccommodatingly mount a cooperating part of a micrometer 61 carrying astop 62 which is engageable with the cooperating surface of the lowerend portion 56 of the jaw 53.

The upper portion of this jaw is provided with an openended cut-out 63which is three-quarters of a circle in cross-section and provides abearing for reception and.

retention of the insertable and removable brass, bronze -or equivalentturret-type anvil or abutment 64. The end portions of this anvil extendbeyond the vertical sides of the upper part 66 of the jaw. A setscrew 67is mounted in a hole provided therefor as seen in Fig. 2 and the shankis adapted to extend into the circumferentially spaced depressions 68formed in the surface of the anvil or abutment 64. The abutment ispreferably tubular or hollow and it is provided with circumferentiallyspaced selectively usable open-ended grooves or channels all of whichare conveniently denoted by the numeral 69 and each channel providingspaced parallel work-contacting edge portions 70. However, there arethree such channels ,shown and they each vary in cross-section or sizeso that it is posslble to accommodate a wide range of work requirementsas already touched upon.

With reference now in particular to Fig. 2 attention is directed to thefeed-up hand-screw 72 having a suitable (5 principles of the invention.

handle 74. The shank portion 76 of this screw, screws into ascrew-threaded socket 78 provided therefor in a rotatably mountedtum-pin 80 mounted in the arm at the juncture of the furcations with thegrooved portion of the arm. A suitably angled and shaped pocket orrecess is provided at 82 for the portion 84 of the screw. Also, socketsare provided to accommodate the coil spring 86 which cooperates with thescrew, all in the manner depicted in Fig. 2.

In using the tool it is generally thought to be advisable, and perhapsnecessary to make adjustment of the honing elements 38 and 40. This canbe accomplished by lifting the pad or follower plate 45 by way of adjustment of the clamping screws 48 which are mounted and used for thatpurpose. It is then necessary to properly space the honing elements byrearrangement of the spacing blocks and shims for compatability to thediameter and particular character of the workpiece. In addition, theuser backs off the clamping bolt 28 and makes proper sliding adjustmentof the carrier or socalled first jaw 22, that is, in relation to the arm12. Now the clamping bolt (26 and 28) is tightened to retain the blockor jaw 22 where wanted. Then, the user retracts the screw 67 and rotatesthe turret anvil 64 to bring the proper channel or groove to correctgeometrical relationship to the honing elements 38 and 40 and thentightens the screw 67 accordingly. Retraction of the hand-screw 72causes the spring 86 to move the rocker arm or jaw 53 and the feed-up orabutment shoe or anvil 64 away from the honing elements thus permittingthe honing tool to be applied radially to the workpiece.

Obviously, with the workpiece thus disposed between the feed-up shoe andthe honing elements, to perform a honing operation it is necessary totighten the feed-up screw 72 until the work is clamped between theproperly selected clamping edges 70 of the chosen channel or groove.Then, screw in the micrometer until the spindle contacts the lower endportion 56 of the rocker arm or jaw 53, note the micrometer reading andback off the spindle same amount as the amount of stock which is to beremoved from the workpiece. Now, set the workpiece into rotation andtighten the hand-screw slowly 'until the jaw 53 contacts the micrometerspindle. At this point roughing has been completed and final finishingbegins by utilizing the micrometer as the fine feed-up adjustment,backing the micrometer off in very fine increments and tightening thefeed-up hand-screw in like amounts until the desired size and finish areobtained.

It is to be stressed again at this point that novelty is thought toreside in the turret-type feed-up arrangement and mode and meansofemployment of inexpensive .abrasive sticks in a manner so that theymay be geometrically arranged about the periphery of the workpiece forgreatest compatability to its particular characteristics and optimumhoning efficiency, a honing tool so designed and constructed that it maybe applied radially to the workpiece and a single honing tool that willaccommodate workpieces ranging from A of an inch to 2% inches indiameter.

It is to be further mentioned that novelty is predicated on a tool whichis infinitely adjustable for both the production of a desired diameterand an accurate and reliable surface. finish on a variety of workpiecesof varying diameters ranging from very small to the maximum capacity ofthe tool by simple manipulation and adjustment of the componentsincorporated therein and provided for their individual as well ascollective purposes.

It is obvious that the invention is such in construction that it may beused on any machine with rotary motion such as a lathe, mill, drillpress, bone or polishing head. Also, it may be used by hand to smooth upbearing areas on similar work.

The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the Further, sincenumerous modifications and changes will readily occur to thoseskilled-in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to. exactconstruction and Operation shown, and described, and accordingly allsuitable modifications and equivalents-may be resorted to, fallingwithin the scope oflthe invention as claimed.

Wh'atiscIaimed as new is as follows:

7 I. For use in abrading and finishing the external abradablesurface ofa workpiece which is cylindricalin crosssectionand reducing said surfaceto true roundness; an abrading and t ming hone comprising a frame havinga straight elongated arm, a first jaw wholly supported andslidinglymounted oncsaid arm, said jaw having a face at right angles to.the long axis of said arm and adapted to confront a segmental portion ofthe peripheral surface of the workpiece which is to be acted upon, asecond jaw hingedly mounted'on one end of said arm and opposed to thefirst jaw, said jaws being adapted to permit the workpiece to. beremovably inserted and clampingly held between said jaws, changeableabradant means operatively mounted on the working side of the first jaw,and an. anvil mounted adjustably on the working side ofsaid second jaw,said anvil being located opposite to said abradant means.

2. For use in abrading and finishing external abradable surfaces of aworkpiece which is cylindrical'in cross section, a surface-abrading andtruing tool comprising a frame a first jaw mounted for operation on saidframe and: havinga work confronting side provided with adjustableabrasive elements, a second jaw opposed in spaced relation tov the firstjaw and hingedly mounted on said frame; said second jaw having a portionprojecting above I theframe and formed with an openended bearing, an

insertable and removable turret-type workpiece abutment constituting ashoe and mounted in said bearing, said abutment being cylindrical incross-section and provided on its peripheral surface withcircumferentially spaced open-ended grooves, said grooves each being ofa difierent cross-section, and the surface portions also havingcircumferentially spaced recesses, and a setscrew carried by said jawand cooperable with said recesses to allow the shoe to oscillate but toprevent it from being displaced from the bearing in an endwisedirection.

3. The structure defined in claim 2 and in combination, a mierometeredstop mounted on said frame and cooperable with a lower swingable endportion of a pivotally mounted jaw.

4. The structure defined in claim 2 and in combination, a micrometeredstop mounted on said frame and cooperable with a lower swingable endportion of a pivotally mounted jaw, said frame being provided with aturn pin having a screw-threaded socket, a spring-biased bolt mountedfor rotation and reciprocation in means provided therefor in saidpivotally mounted jaw in a position below the plane of said bearing andhaving a screwthreaded shank engaged adjustably with said socket.

5. For use in abrading and finishing the external abradable surface of aworkpiece which is cylindrical in crosssection and reducing said surfaceto true roundness; an abrading and truing hone comprising a frame havinga straight elongated arm, a first jaw wholly supported and slidinglymounted on said arm, said jaw having a face at right angles to the longaxis of said arm and adapted to confront a segmental portion of theperipheral surface of the workpiece which is to be acted upon, a secondjaw hingedly mounted on one end of said arm and opposed to the firstjaw, said jaws being adapted to permit the workpiece to be removablyinserted and clampingly held between said jaws, changeable abradantmeans operatively mounted on the working side of the first jaw, and ananvil mounted adjustably on the working side of said second jaw, saidanvil-being located opposite to said abradant means, said abradant meansembodying a pair of spaced parallel abrasive sticks which are bothadjustably and removably mounted in their intended operative position,said anvil comprising a shoe which is cylindrical in crosssection andwhich is provided on aperipheral surface with at least one longitudinalgroove, saidgroove'providing spaced parallel edges which are adapted tocontact and bear against the adjacent cooperating peripheral surface ofthe workpiece at circumferentially spaced points of contact.

6. The structure defined in claim 1 and wherein said abrasive sticks arerectangular in cross-section, making it possible to axially rotate andadjust the sticks in such a manner that each corner of each stick may beemployed until its serviceability has been adequately expended.

7. For use in abrading and refinishing the external abradable surface ofa workpiece which is cylindrical in crosssection and reducing saidsurface to true roundness; an abrading and truing hone comprising aframe having an arm, a first jaw carried by said arm and having .a faceadapted to confront .a segmental portion of the. peripheral surface ofthe workpiece which is to be acted upon, a second jaw also carried'bysaid. arm and opposed to the first jaw, said jaws being adapted topermit the workpiece to be radially removably inserted and. clampinglyheld between said jaws, abradant means provided on the working side ofthe first jaw, and an anvil provided on the working side of said secondjaw, said anvil being located opposite to said abradant means, seaidabradant, means embodying a pair of spaced parallel abrasive sticksadjustably and removably mounted, said anvil comprising a shoecylindrical in cross-section and having at least one longitudinal grooveproviding spaced'parallel edges adapted to contact and bear against theadjacent'cooperating peripheral surfaces of said workpiece, said sticksbeing rectangular in cross-section, making it possible to progressivelyuse each corner until its serviceability-has been expended, said anvilshoe being removably and rotatably mounted and having its peripheralsurface provided with circumferentially spaced longitudinally extendinggrooves, said grooves being selectively usable and each groove being ofa cross-section different from the cross-section of the next adjacentgroove.

8. For use in abrading and finishing external surfaces of a workpiecewhich lend themselves to abrading and wherein said workpiece iscylindrical in cross-section, an abrading and trui-ng tool radiallyadaptable and applicable to said workpiece comprising, in combination, aframe embodying an arm, a first jaw lateral to said arm and clampinglymounted and adjustable longitudinally along the arm, the working surfaceof said jaw being provided with a pair of upper and lower spacedparallel abrasive sticks, mechanical manually regulatable means wherebysaid sticks may be mounted for operation on said jaw, said meansmounting the sticks to be moved close to or farther from each other,said means being further such that the sticks may be bodily removed androtated axially so that any one of the four corner portions thereof maybe brought into play for workpiece abrading requirements, and a secondjaw mounted for operation on said arm and opposed to the first namedjaw, the side of said second jaw opposite to said abrading sticks beingprovided with a metal workpiece contacting member and adapted to contactthe workpiece diametrically opposite to the point of contact between theabrasive sticks and workpiece, said second jaw being pivotally mounted,said member comprising a turret-type rotatably mounted anvil.

9. For use in abrading and finishing external surfaces of a workpiecewhich lend themselves to abrading and wherein said workpiece iscylindrical in cross-section, an abrading and truin g tool radiallyadaptable and applicable to said workpiece comprising, in combination, aframe embodying an arm, a first jaw lateral to said arm and clam'pinglymounted and adjustable longitudinally along the arm, the working surfaceof said jaw being provided with a pair of upper and lower spacedparallel abrasive sticks, mechanical manually regulatable means wherebysaid sticks may be mounted for operation on said jaw, said meansmounting the sticks to be moved close to or farther from each other,said means being further such and a second jaw mounted for operation onsaid arm and opposed to the first named jaw, the side of said second jawopposite to said abrading sticks being provided with a Imetal workpiececontacting member and adapted to contact the workpiece diametricallyopposite to the point of :contact between the abrasive sticks andworkpiece, said second jaw being pivotally mounted, said membercomprising a turret-type rotatably mounted anvil, said anvil beingcylindrical in cross-section and the peripheral surface thereof beingprovided with open-ended selectively usable circumferentially spacedgrooves, said second jaw having a bearing in which said member isremovably and rotatably mounted.

10. For use in abrading and finishing external abradable sur'faces of aworkpiece cylindrical in cross-section, a surface abrading and truingtool comprising a frame embodying a rigid elongated arm provided with anelongated slot, in its top with a keying groove opening through one endof the arm and provided in its bottom with a similar keying groove, afirst jaw having'a bottom portion slidingly and removably mounted in thetop keying groove in said arm and having a working surface rising atright angles in relation to the lengthwise axis of said arm, a boltremovably and adjustably connected with the bottom ;of said jaw andoperable in the slot and having a collar associated therewith, saidcollar being keyed and slidably mounted in the keying groove in thebottom of said arm, said work confronting surface having a recesstherein defining a pocket, insertable and removable as well asadjustable and interchangeable abradant elements remov- 7 8 ably andadjustably mounted in said recess, a second jaw having a work-surfaceopposed to the work surface of the first named jaw and having a lowerend hingedly mounted on one end of said arm, and an insertable andremovable turret-type workpiece abutment, said abutment beingcylindrical in crosssection and removably and adjustably mounted on thework surface of said second jaw and having at least one longitudinalgroove providing spaced parallel edges which are adapted to contactandbear against adjacent cooperating peripheral surfaces of said workpiecewhen the workpiece is between the jaws and held on one side against theabrasive elements and on the other side against the parallel edges ofsaid groove.

11. The structure defined in claim 10 and, in combination, amicrometered stop mounted on the last named end of said arm andoperatively cooperable with the lower hinged end portion of the secondnamed jaw.

12. The structure defined in claim 11 and, in combination, a springbiased bolt mounted for rotation and 'reciprocation and means providedtherefor on the second named jaw above the hinge point of said jaw, saidbolt having operating and adjustable connection with means providedtherefor at an adjacent end portion of said arm.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS

